Which of the following represents a quantitative risk assessment?

Estimating the probability and impact of identified risks is a fundamental aspect of quantitative risk assessment. This approach involves using numerical data to calculate the likelihood of specific risks occurring and their potential consequences, which facilitates a more precise understanding of risk exposure. By quantifying these elements, practitioners can prioritize risks based on their severity and develop strategies to mitigate them effectively.

In contrast, the other choices represent different forms of risk assessment that lack a quantitative basis. For example, expert judgment relies on the subjective opinions of individuals with experience in the field, which can be valuable but does not provide measurable data. Surveys can offer insights into stakeholders' perspectives but again do not involve direct numerical evaluation of risks. Comparative analysis of past projects may help in understanding trends or patterns but does not inherently quantify risk parameters in the manner required for a quantitative assessment. Overall, the core objective of quantitative risk assessment is to utilize measurable and analytical methods to inform decision-making regarding risk management.