What is operational risk?

Operational risk refers to the potential for loss due to failures in internal processes, systems, or as a result of external events. This definition underscores that operational risk encompasses a wide range of scenarios which can impact an organization's operations, such as inadequate procedures, system failures, fraud, or even natural disasters. It highlights the importance of robust internal controls and processes to mitigate potential losses from such events.

The other options provided relate to different types of risks:

• The risk associated with changes in market conditions typically falls under market risk, which is concerned with the impact of fluctuating market factors such as interest rates or stock prices on financial performance.

• The risk that a firm cannot cover its short-term liabilities pertains to liquidity risk, which focuses on the firm's ability to meet its financial obligations as they come due.

• The risk that affects national economies generally relates to systemic risk, encompassing broader economic factors that can impact multiple institutions or industries.

By highlighting the specific causes and implications of operational risk, option A effectively captures the essence of this concept in risk management.